Glossary Terms

What is Fourth-party logistics (4PL)? Fourth-party logistics (4PL) is a strategic logistics model where a single expert partner takes responsibility for designing, coordinating, and optimising

What is ABC Inventory Control? ABC Inventory Control is a sophisticated inventory management approach that applies different control strategies to different categories of inventory items

What is Actual Time of Arrival (ATA)? Actual Time of Arrival (ATA) is the exact time when a vehicle, vessel, aircraft, train, or shipment physically

What is Actual Time of Departure (ATD)? Actual Time of Departure (ATD) is the exact time when a vehicle, vessel, aircraft, train, or shipment physically

What is Attach Rate in Logistics? In logistics and supply chain management, attach rate refers to the ratio of secondary or complementary products sold together

What is Consolidation in Logistics? In logistics, consolidation refers to the process of combining multiple smaller shipments—often from different suppliers, sellers, or locations—into a larger,

What is Consumer-to-Administration (C2A)? Consumer-to-Administration (C2A), sometimes written as C2G (Consumer-to-Government), describes all digital interactions where private individuals use online channels to communicate, transact, or

What is a Cost Trade-Off? A cost trade-off is the deliberate decision to increase one type of cost in order to reduce another, with the

What are Depots in Logistics? In logistics, depots are facilities used to store, stage, or transfer goods, vehicles, or equipment close to where they are

What is Freight? Freight refers to goods transported in bulk by road, rail, sea, air, or intermodal combinations. In practical terms, freight is the movement